Outcomes of an organized breast cancer screening program over the past 15 years.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
14 Background: Founded in 1988, The Screening Mammography Program of British Columbia (SMPBC) is a large, and stable screening program and a formal review of its effectiveness provides suggestions for further improvements. The purpose of this study is to quantify and report trends of the SMPBC and to assess if there have been any major changes in outcomes over the past fifteen years as this program has matured. Methods: A retrospective review of the SMPBC was performed by extracting data from the past 15 years from the SMPBC Annual Reports. The changes and trends in percentage of eligible population screened/participation rate, number of screening exams and number of first screens performed, overall cancer detection rate, and DCIS detection rate was extracted and reported. Furthermore, cost analysis data was extracted, and adjusted to compensate for inflation using The Bank of Canada Inflation Calculator, which bases its calculations from the Canadian Consumer Price Index (CPI) from Statistics Canada. Results: Over the past 15 years, the total number of exams provided per year has almost doubled from 166,746 in 1996 to 303,157 in 2010, and this increase accommodates the overall and aging growth of the BC population. An increasing participation rate is seen from 1999-2009 for women from rural sites and traditionally underserved areas of British Columbia, while the overall participation rate over this time period remains stable (range 48%-51%). The cancer detection rate also remains stable (range: 3.4-4.5 cases per 1000 screens). After adjusting for inflation, a 12.6% increase in the cost per screen from 1995-2009 is observed. This increase is multifactorial and includes an increase in operating costs central services and physician reading fees. Conclusions: The province of British Columbia has consistently had the lowest rates of breast cancer related mortality in Canada, and this may be, in part, because of the long term stability of the BC Screening Mammography Program. Our report suggests that the SMPBC has been effective in accommodating the growing aging population, although there is still room for improvement, as a target participation of 70% is considered the standard to effectively reduce mortality through screening.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".