Introduction: Border Crossings: Local and Regional Economic Development on the US/Canadian Border
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Even in the absence of formal plans or political union, governance strategies that extend beyond individual communities and, in some cases, across are emerging in North America. Recognizing the significance of these multi-level governance strategies will be the cornerstone to understanding local economic development issues in the next decade (Clarke, this volume). This symposium is based on the premise that local economic development is increasingly a regional phenomena and that regional ties are just as likely to cross national as local borders. Here, the focus is on US/Canadian cross-border patterns and relationships although one paper extends this analysis to Europe. Susan Clarke highlights the importance of cross-border relationships, to local economic development in an age of fiber optic communication, mobile capital, and an increasingly internationalized market place. Thus, given that local economies are increasingly interconnected, to each other and to international systems and forces, that localities now interact with global actors directly, and that international agreements are designed to facilitate multi-nation regional economies, a broader investigation of impacts on local economies is necessary. While much academic attention has been focused on the regionalization effects of the European Union, far less focus has been placed on cross-border regionalism in North America. The four papers in this symposium are designed to rectify this lack of attention by addressing several specific questions: * To what extent do regional cross-border relations exist among localities in the US and Canada? * How do these relationships compare to those within the European Union? * Are there regional patterns in the use of local economic development policies? * Is there local economic development policy transmission across the US/Canadian border? * To what extent do cities in the same region cooperate in economic development? * Which borders are most important in the context of local economic development: regional, state/provincial, or national? * What types of trans-national cooperative efforts are taking place in local development or growth management? Susan Clarke's paper provides the theoretical framework for the discussion. Using the Cascadia region as her focus, she identifies five for the development of regional governance regimes. These conditions lead to the causal stories and policy paradigms, the common language and vision necessary to support enduring cross-border arrangements. In short, she argues that several conditions appear to be supporting the emergence of regional governance structures for transportation policy in Cascadia: workable ideas--problems that can be solved and feasible solutions; well-defined issues with divisible benefits; an existing bi-national policy community; issues salient to existing electoral agendas; and, institutional channels. This is a process still very much in progress. Clarke notes that the necessary conditions have led to conventions and discourse regarding transportation policy among localities in the region. But, a stable regional regime has not yet emerged. Clearly, the pieces of a cross-border transportation system linking Canadian and US cities are in place in Cascadia. Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly describes what happens when Clarke's conditions for cross-border governance are not in place. He presents another argument for the importance of politically acceptable policies with divisible benefits and a policy community in the creation of cross-border links for local economic development. Using the case of the US/Canadian border at Detroit/Windsor, Brunet-Jailly finds that, although the history of cross-border local economic relations was built on functional interdependencies, current market competition among cities on both sides of the US/Canadian border has precluded the development of meaningful regional economic relationships. …
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it