Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mechanical denaturation has emerged as a novel method to study chemical and physical properties of protein molecules. In this thesis, single-molecule force spectroscopy has been carried out using the atomic force microscope to investigate the mechanical design of proteins through denaturation via an applied mechanical force. In the first study, a small globular protein has been shown to exhibit pronounced anisotropic response to directional mechanical stress. One protein can be both mechanically strong and weak. It will be strong when direction of the force vector is aligned with particular structural elements of the protein, and it will be weak otherwise. Mechanical denaturation in the strong direction is accompanied by cooperative disruption of intramolecular interactions in the protein. Conversely, mechanical denaturation in the weak direction is accompanied by sequential disruption of those same interactions. In the second study, the mechanical properties of a cofactor dependent protein is characterized. It is shown that both the protein and cofactor are mechanically strong in the presence of the cofactor. Removal of the cofactor tremendously diminishes the mechanical strength of the protein. The mutually supportive roles of structure and function are demonstrated through mechanical denaturation experiments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".