Angiotensin II signalling regulates skeletal muscle growth and myoblast chemotaxis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The regulatory role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in mediating skeletal muscle hypertrophy is largely unknown. We examined the impact of Ang II on myoblast chemotaxis using transwell assays. Exogenous treatment of Ang II significantly increased the migratory capacity of both C2C12 and primary myoblasts by 30 and 43% respectively, while Ang II receptor knockout myoblasts (AT1a −/− ) demonstrated a significant attenuation of basal migration (38% of control) and did not respond to exogenous Ang II treatment. Ang II appeared to increase migration by inducing MMP2 activity as gelatin zymography analysis of cell culture media and lysates revealed a ~40% increase in gelatinase activity and pharmacological inhibition of MMP2 abolished the Ang II mediated increase in myoblast migration. Ang II also appeared to signal in a paracrine fashion to induce migration as 4h of cyclic mechanical stretch of myoblasts enhanced migration of co‐cultured myoblasts. To test the involvement of Ang II signaling during skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo , control and At1a −/− mice were subjected to cardiotoxin injury. In comparison to controls, at 14 and 21 days following injury, At1a −/− mice demonstrated 34 and 25% reductions in cross sectional area respectively. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Ang II modulates skeletal muscle fibre growth by regulating myoblast chemotaxis through MMP2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".