On the persistence of mouse urine odour to human observers: a review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract To the human nose, mice produce unique, persistent and potent odour which is widely assumed to be derived mainly from their urine. In this review, we discuss why the mouse odour is so potent and long‐lasting to the human nose. Sensory and chemical analyses have revealed that 2‐sec‐butyl‐4,5‐dihydrothiazole (SBT) was the major mousy odorant and present almost exclusively in male urine. It is not depleted from urine even after repeated headspace or solvent extractions since its majority is tightly bound to the major urinary proteins (MUPs) in male mouse urine that serve to control the release. The urinary concentration of SBT is estimated to be around several hundred parts per million when the binding of SBT to MUPs is considered, while its human olfactory threshold is estimated to be approximately at the parts per billion level. Therefore, the strikingly persistent quality of mouse urine odour, mainly contributed by SBT, is explained by its low human olfactory threshold, its presence in urine at a high concentration, and its delayed release by MUPs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".