Stroke related alterations in protease activated receptor‐2 and bradykinin mediated vasodilation in the middle cerebral arteries of stroke prone hypertensive rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vasodilation to bradykinin (1.2 µM) and protease‐activated receptor‐2 activation by 2‐furoyl‐leucine‐isoleucine‐glycine‐arginine‐leucine‐ornithine‐amide (2‐FLY, 1 µM) was measured in isolated pressurized (100 mmHg) middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) from Kyoto Wistar stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) before and after hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Vasodilation to both peptides was endothelial dependent and produced by a non NO, cyclo‐oxygenase dependent mechanism that activated endothelial IK Ca +SK Ca channels and promoted vasodilation through smooth muscle BK Ca, K ir channels and Na + /K + ATPase activation. After HS, MCAs lacked the ability to vasodilate to bradykinin. Vasodilation to 2‐FLY was not altered. Post stroke oral Losartan (35 mg/kg/day) or Captopril (50 mg/kg/day) treatment did not reduce blood pressure. Losartan treatment restored MCA bradykinin vasodilation after 7 days for the duration of the study (>100 days treatment). Captopril only temporarily restored bradykinin relaxation between 7 to 25 days of treatment after which this function deteriorated. HS produced selective alterations in MCA endothelial function that could not be explained solely by the level of hypertension or as a secondary consequence of HS. These dysfunctions were reversed more effectively in SHRsp after HS by blocking AT‐1 receptors as opposed to lowering angiotensin II levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".