Environmental Impacts of Dam Construction in Developing Countries: The Case of the Senegal River Delta and the Need for a Sustainable Management Plan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Huge variation in the flow of the Senegal River in the late 1960s provided an impetus to implement a multi-purpose, dam-based water-management project. The present study, centred on the eco-epidemiological conditions of the Senegal River Basin (SRB), focuses on an integrated health and environmental assessment grounded in physical, epidemiological, and social criteria, relying on information collected, and geared to a wider view of community health status. It analyzes the impact of the Diama and Manantali dams, which have created debilitating health problems for the valley people. During the past three decades, most of the dams in the Senegal River delta have been constructed with an emphasis on economical water-use maximization. There has been little consideration of the long-term consequences of alterations in flow volumes and patterns or of changes in water quality. With the invasion of aquatic plants, freshwater irrigation canals and water-storage areas have become breeding grounds for deadly disease ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".