Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous reports have suggested that personality changes are associated with the development of dementia, notably increased social isolation and passivity in people later diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Here data from the first two waves of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) are used to evaluate differences in personality characteristics between 99 people with dementia and 270 controls assessed to be cognitively intact. Ratings on seven variables from the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX) at CSHA-1 by proxy informants for the person being rated were compared for normal controls and the group diagnosed with dementia five years later in CSHA-2. Most of the sample was female (63.1%), with a mean age of 77.5 years (SD = 6.44) and a mean of 9.4 years of education (SD = 4.19). Personality changes were twice as common in the dementia group as in normal controls, with aggravation of premorbid personality features, and changes in mood also being more common, while other personality factors did not differ between groups. These results are at odds with some earlier studies, suggesting that further studies of people in the early stages of dementia are needed to better understand the development of dementia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".