Char combustion of ellipsoidal particles in a hot gas with fluctuating temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Char combustion of biomass particles is a significant thermo‐chemical conversion process. The char combustion process of biomass particles with gas temperature fluctuation is numerically investigated. Considering the non‐spherical shape of biomass particles, a fully algebraic expression of burning enhancement factor is theoretically derived to modify the char combustion rate of ellipsoidal particles. Four solid biofuel samples (cynara, pinewood, willow, and cardoon) are chosen for the calculations. The instantaneous mass variations and char combustion rates of biomass particles are calculated under different particle sphericities. Different kinetic parameters of biomass samples lead to various effects of gas temperature fluctuation on char combustion. The gas temperature fluctuation generally enhances the char combustion rate. Increasing the fluctuation frequency of gas temperature has no effect on char combustion. Under the same particle surface area, the char combustion rate is enhanced with decreasing particle sphericity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".