Pediatric Oral Pathology: A Retrospective Survey of 4,554 Biopsies.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to: (1) report patient age, gender, and anatomical information on a large number of pediatric oral biopsies in the United States; and (2) highlight differences in recent pediatric oral lesions compared to past pediatric studies and an adult population. METHODS: A total of 4,554 pediatric biopsies received over the past 13 years (2001-2015) were surveyed. Patient's age, gender, anatomical site of biopsy, and diagnosis were described under 10 diagnostic categories: (1) malignant neoplasm; (2) benign neoplasm; (3) infectious; (4) reactive; (5) precancerous; (6) developmental; (7) healthy tissue; (8) immune dysfunction; (9) physical trauma; and (10) other. RESULTS: A gradual increase in the number of biopsies with age was noted. The most common diagnosis observed was mucocele, consisting of 28 percent of all biopsies. Biopsies across pathological categories were most commonly obtained from the mandible. CONCLUSIONS: Biopsies received from a pediatric population are largely reactive in nature. Compared to an adult population, the pediatric population has a significantly lower rate of malignant and precancerous lesions but a higher rate of developmental diagnosis. A diverse array of pathoses was seen in the gingiva and mandible, whereas palatal mucosa and the floor of the mouth exhibited more variation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".