Density of localized state distribution near the valence band in stabilized a‐Se using interrupted field time of flight measurements with long interruption times
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present paper, we have investigated hole transport in stabilized a‐Se films using interrupted‐field‐time‐of‐flight (IFTOF) experiments with interruption times up to 600 μs. A distinct advantage of IFTOF measurements is that one can monitor the average “free” hole concentration p(t) (= p(x,t) averaged over the thickness of the sample L) at a given location x1 in the sample inasmuch as the applied field is removed at a certain time t1 for an interruption period of ti. At time t1 + ti, the field is reapplied and the recovered photocurrent i2 at t = t1 + ti is measured with respect to the original photocurrent i1 at t = t1. The experimental results are interpreted by the comparison of experimental photocurrent transients with numerical and Monte‐Carlo simulations of multiple trapping hole transport for different DOS models; and their agreement with a featureless DOS distribution in the vicinity of valence band is confirmed. The examination of IFTOF experiments (i2/i1 as a function of ti) for very long interruption times puts the energy position of deep traps controlling the hole lifetime to be above 0.65 eV from Ev. The results are critically discussed in view of past experiments on the DOS in a‐Se and recent structural modeling work on defects in the structure. Further, the work in this article vindicates the use of shallow trap controlled mobility and a single deep trapping time in the modeling of hole transport in recently developed a‐Se based X‐ray detectors; that is we only need shallow and deep traps to model the detector performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".