The enigma of the ‘so-called’ alkali–carbonate reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The so-called alkali–carbonate reaction (ACR) consists of two distinct reactions: the non-expansive dedolomitisation reaction and deleteriously expansive alkali–silica reaction of cryptocrystalline quartz hidden in the dolomitic limestone aggregate. In the past, dedolomitisation was confused with ACR and regarded as associated with the expansion mechanism, whereas alkali–silica gel was not observed using conventional optical microscopy. This led to a long-standing controversy, but the enigma has been resolved by careful petrographic examination of typical ACR concretes made with the type aggregate from the Pittsburg quarry, Ontario, including an experimental sidewalk in Kingston. This paper introduces the historical background of this issue and the essence of recent studies from the petrographic viewpoint by the authors who actually examined the typical ACR in Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".