Sewage Treatment Plant Contamination of the Annapolis River: Economic Implications for the Soft-shell Clam Industry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Annapolis Basin soft-shell clam fishery has been impacted by frequent closures due to sewage contamination from overflow at the Town of Digby sewage treatment plant. The harvesters that derive a livelihood from this traditional fishery have suffered economic losses that have not been widely acknowledged, addressed, or quantified.\n\nFor years, individuals and organizations in the Annapolis Basin area pushed to have the sewage treatment plant in Digby upgraded to remediate the environmental damage that its under-capacity was causing. The investment in the upgrade was estimated at $2.2 million, while the cost of doing nothing was never measured. \n\nThe objective of this thesis is to examine the economic implications for the soft-shell clam industry of the contamination of the Annapolis Basin using a simple cost-benefit framework. By isolating the interaction between the sewage treatment plant upgrade and the soft-shell clam fishery, the analysis identifies and estimates principal costs and benefits, measuring the net present value of the prevention of fishery closure resulting from the upgrade. Results of the analysis demonstrate that the investment in the upgrade is justified under a range of closure scenarios and deviations in key assumptions and variables.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".