Characteristic effectiveness curves for falling-film drain water heat recovery systems
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Falling-film drain water heat recovery systems have proven to be a cost-effective and reliable class of heat exchanger for reducing primary energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings and in industrial buildings and processes. It is fitting, therefore, that regulatory bodies are preparing standards by which various products can be characterized, both for rating purposes and to provide data for building energy simulation. Unfortunately, standards development is progressing in the absence of measured performance data that characterize how these heat exchangers perform. The intention of the current work is to examine drain water heat recovery performance at various equal-flow conditions. The effectiveness of three drain water heat recovery systems was examined in a counter flow as a function of volumetric flow rate. The drain water heat recovery systems represented products from two manufacturers and two lengths. One of the drain water heat recovery systems was also tested in parallel flow. While the performance characteristics generally mirrored theoretical performance, there were some key differences. For the units tested, there was a clear transition region occurring between flow rates of 5 and 10 L/min (1.3 and 2.6 gpm). While the presence of this region did not impact the proposed rating process, it could significantly impact the applicability of the data analysis to building simulation. It was also shown that the number of transfer units for the collector changed significantly with flow rate, but in a predictable manner. By fitting the number of transfer units versus flow rate data, and using this correlation in conjunction with theoretical ϵ–number of transfer units equations, the drain water heat recovery performance could be well predicted over the entire range of operation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it