Living radical polymerization under emulsion conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Living radical polymerization (LRP) is a valuable strategy to design a large range of polymers with well-defined molecular characteristics under mild conditions.LRP techniques such as SFRP (Stable Free Radical Polymerization), 1 RAFT (Radical Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer), 2 ATRP (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization) 3 are efficiently carried out in bulk, solution and under aqueous conditions.Although miniemulsion polymerizations have been relatively easy to perform, 4 emulsion polymerizations have proven troublesome.The challenge of this research consists in controlling the molecular weight of the polymeric chains while preserving the stability of the latex.Gilbert et al 5 presented the first solution to this problem under RAFT conditions using a unique amphipathic RAFT agent.We have recently added to this successful approach by developing a nanoprecipitation technique under SFRP conditions. 6Particles resulting from precipitation of an acetone solution of low molar mass TEMPO-terminated polystyrene were swollen with monomer and subsequently polymerized to provide stable emulsions and narrow polydispersity polymers.The extension of this nanoprecipitation technique to RAFT and ATRP will be presented in this poster.To date we have had good success with the RAFT system but limited success with the ATRP system.A discussion will be provided to explain some of the issues we have encountered while working under ATRP conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".