Voluntary aerobic exercise attenuates oxidative stress‐induced apoptotic signalling in cardiac muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An increase in the production of reactive oxygen species occurs with aging, and the resulting oxidative stress has been associated with apoptosis‐related cardiomyopathy. Recent research has indicated that chronic exercise is protective against mitochondrially‐mediated programmed cell death. To further investigate this in the heart we compared voluntary wheel trained (T, 9 weeks) and untrained (C) animals. Training increased heart weight to body weight ratio, and produced a 54% increase in muscle COX activity. Left ventricle (LV) strips were isolated and incubated in vitro with H 2 O 2 for 4 hours. LV strips were then fractionated into cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. H 2 O 2 treatment induced increases in JNK phosphorylation, Bax localization to the mitochondria, as well as cytosolic AIF by 73%, 106% and 38% in C animals respectively, all of which were attenuated in T animals. Interestingly, H 2 O 2 induced a 2.5‐fold increase in cofilin‐2 localization to the mitochondria, as well as a 64% increase in cytochrome c release which were unaltered by training. These data suggest that regular exercise can attenuate apoptotic signalling via reduced JNK phophorylation, Bax translocation and mitochondrial AIF release. Thus, endurance exercise training has the potential to reduce oxidative stress‐induced programmed cell death in the heart.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".