Postnatal development of ATP signaling involved in respiratory response to hypoxia in rats.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In adults, ATP, acting through P2X receptors, plays an important role in both carotid body excitation and brainstem respiratory stimulation during hypoxia. In this study, we addressed whether the contributions of P2X receptors undergo developmental changes in newborn, during which the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) matures. Using whole body plethysmography, HVR was measured in rats at 1, 4, 7, 12 and 21 postnatal days before and after intraperitoneal injection of suramin (P2X receptor antagonist, 40mg/kg) or vehicle. At each age, suramin reduced breathing frequency but not tidal volume (p<0.05, suramin vs vehicule group). The reduction in frequency was age dependent with greater effect at older ages (p<0.05). Using single‐unit recordings of carotid body activity, in vitro, suramin depressed discharge activity in both normoxia (150 torr PO2) and hypoxia (60 torr PO2), but the magnitude of depression was not age dependent. We conclude that ATP acting through P2X receptors plays an important role, both peripherally and centrally, in the HVR and this undergoes a developmental increase in the newborn period. These developmental changes primarily occur centrally. Founded PF‐RSR du FRSQ, IRSC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".