Boron <i>K-</i> edge XANES of borate and borosilicate minerals
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation B K-edge XANES spectra are reported for 19 borate and borosilicate minerals. The spectra are characterized by three prominent features; a sharp peak (A) at ~194 eV (the edge feature of trigonal B; IIIB), a broader peak (B) at 197-199 eV (the edge feature of tetrahedral B, IVB), and a broad peak (C) at 200-201 eV for tetrahedral B and 203-204 eV for trigonal B. The area of peak A is very sensitive to content of IIIB and its position yields information on B-O bond length and linkage of the BO3 group. The area of peak B is proportional to content of IVB but quantification is limited by overlap with peak C. The width of peak B increases with increasing divergence of B-O bond lengths, responding to splitting of σ*(t2) antibonding orbitals. The tetrahedral component of peak C appears to be a s-shape resonance. For trigonal B minerals, the relative intensity of peak C and its satellite peaks increases with increase in mean size and/or atomic number of next-nearestneighbor cations, C being most intense in vonsenite (Fe2Fe3+BO5). Priceite (Ca4B10O19·7H2O), of unknown structure, has 80% IVB, and an isolated BX3 group with IIIB-O = 1.373(5) Å. Comparison of B K-edge XANES spectra collected using total electron yield (sampling depth <60 Å) and fluorescence yield (sampling depth <1100 Å) shows that borates and borosilicates readily reconstruct in surface and near-surface environments. More profound structural damage involving conversion of IVB to IIIB occurs in minerals with high contents of IVB, and hydrous Mg borates with interstitial H2O are unstable in the high vacuum of the spectrometer.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it