Catalytic conversion of glycerol to acrolein over MCM‐41 by the grafting of phosphorus species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The gas‐phase dehydration of aqueous glycerol to acrolein was investigated using phosphorus‐containing MCM‐41 (HP‐MCM‐41) mesoporous molecular sieves, which were prepared via impregnation of phosphoric acid on the MCM‐41. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption, FTIR, NH 3 ‐TPD, and pyridine‐FTIR measurements. Nitrogen adsorption studies suggested that the uniform framework of MCM‐41 remained unchanged even after grafting phosphorus species on its surface. NH 3 ‐TPD analysis confirmed that moderate acidic sites had a positive effect on the formation of acrolein. Pyridine‐FTIR results indicated that MCM‐41 with grafted phosphorus species can noticeably enhance the percentage of Brønsted acid sites. Moreover, Brønsted acid sites facilitated the production acrolein selectively confirmed by catalytic results. The effects of H 3 PO 4 loading, calcination temperature, reaction temperature, and glycerol concentrations were also examined. The optimized 25HP‐MCM‐41 catalyst showed an 84 % selectivity of acrolein with glycerol conversion of 97 % at 320 °C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".