Quantitative Metrics for Assessing Positional and Orientational Order in Colloidal Crystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although there are numerous self-assembly techniques to prepare colloidal crystals, there is great variability in the methods used to characterize order and disorder in these materials. We assess different kinds of structural order from more than 70 two-dimensional microscopy images of colloidal crystals produced by many common methods, including spin-coating, dip-coating, convective assembly, electrophoretic assembly, and sedimentation. Our suite of analysis methods includes measures for both positional and orientational order. The benchmarks are two-dimensional lattices that we simulated with different degrees of controlled disorder. We find that translational measures are adequate for characterizing small deviations from perfect order, whereas orientational measures are more informative for polycrystalline and highly disordered crystals. Our analysis presents a unified strategy for comparing structural order among different colloidal crystals and establishes benchmarks for future studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".