Laser-Induced Autofluorescence Technique for Plasmodium falciparum Parasite Density Estimation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum (P.falciparum) infections are taking a great toll on the lives of people worldwide, especially in developing countries. Recently, haemozoin detection using optical techniques tends to provide comparable parasite densities (PDs) estimation. We conducted feasibility studies on P.falciparum infected blood (i-blood) and uninfected blood (u-blood) samples from volunteers employing laser-induced fluorescence technique for PDs estimation. Fluorescence results show high intensity in u-blood than i-blood. PeakFit analysis with Loess smoothing under Lorentzian curve shows that fluorescence peak of i-blood appears red-shifted with increasing PDs. The Lorentzian curves depict that fluorescence peak intensity ratio increases with increasing PDs in i-blood samples. This technique may be potentially applied in PDs estimation to improve malaria diagnosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".