Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the behaviour of financial institutions perceived as instrumental in causing the recent global economic troubles, much of the remedial discourse focuses on the reform of banking regulation. Ignored in the corrective discourse is any consideration of alterative vehicles of financial intermediation, the increased reliance upon which would displace the centrality of conventional banks to securing a reasonably stable economic environment. Credit unions, derivatives of the cooperatives movement, provide financial services and can, in practice, be indistinguishable from banks. Significantly different principles, however, underpin their operations, principles that yield a unique organizational governance framework. It is a distinctiveness that has made, and continues to make, the credit union model of financial services superior to that of the traditional banking model. And unlike banks, debates about credit union governance tend to center on how best to preserve their remarkable organizational strengths rather than the reform of any fundamental flaws. This chapter offers an appraisal of the credit union governance framework in contradistinction to the corporate bank-based model. While the core structural features of governance assure its identification as the preferred economic model, undercutting that preference are the latter-day forces of competition and the realization of financial success. In gently nudging towards a brighter tomorrow, the credit union alternative needs to assume a greater presence in the financial services industry.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".