Regulation of adrenaline synthesis in the heart of the spontaneously hypertensive rat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PNMT) is the enzyme responsible for adrenaline synthesis. Adrenaline is involved in sympathetic control of blood pressure, and it augments cardiac function. Genetic mapping studies have linked PNMT to hypertension, and elevated PNMT levels are associated with higher blood pressure in hypertensive rats. The current study examined the expression of cardiac PNMT in the genetic rodent model of hypertension, and associated changes in the transcriptional regulators. RT‐PCR results show upregulation of PNMT in all chambers of the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY). RT‐PCR analyses of the previously identified key regulators of PNMT, Egr‐1, Sp1, AP2 and GR, show significant increases in all chambers of the SHR heart. Protein levels of Sp1, Egr‐1 and GR are elevated in the right atrium (RA) of SHR. In addition, AP2 shows increased binding to its cognate promoter sequence in SHR hearts. Plasma levels of corticosterone and MCP‐1 are significantly elevated in SHR, while IL‐1‐beta, IL‐12p70, IL‐18 and IFN‐gamma are significantly lower in SHR compared to WKY. These results show elevated PNMT gene expression in SHR that is likely mediated by altered transcriptional regulation of cardiac PNMT. Furthermore, SHR display systemic differences from WKY in hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity and cytokine profiles in circulation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".