Effects of exogenous and endogenous carbon monoxide on dorsal aorta pressure and cardiac output in the rainbow trout
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important regulator of vasomotor tone in mammals. Its endogenous effects in non‐mammals, however, are unknown. Therefore, surgeries were performed on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), during which the dorsal aorta and nares were canulated and a flow probe was placed around the ventral aorta. Dorsal aorta pressure, stroke volume, heart rate, and respiration rate were compared on a resting trout, trout treated with inhibitors of the endogenous CO production, and trout treated with exogenous CO (delivered via a soluble ruthenium compound, CORM‐3). Zinc protoporphyrin‐IX, and inhibitor of heme‐oxygenase, elicited a dose‐dependent (at 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg) increase in dorsal aorta pressure (approximately 20, 40, and 50% respectively). QC‐10, a non‐specific HO inhibitor, and QC‐15, a specific inhibitor of the HO‐1 isoform, both elicited a 25% increase in dorsal aorta pressure at 3 mg/kg. QC‐15 elicited a maximal response in approximately 5 minutes, while QC‐10 responses did not reach maximum until 1 hour. Both QC‐10 and QC‐15 caused small but significant increases in cardiac output. Unexpectedly, 30 μmol/kg CORM‐3 caused dorsal aorta pressure to approximately double in minutes. The results of the inhibitors suggest that CO is constitutively produced in trout to modulate vascular resistance. The surprising result with exogenous CO delivered via CORM‐3 requires further study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".