Bibliographic record
Abstract
This commentary in the Journal of Professional Communication discusses the historical origins of the public relations profession. It discusses how United States President Woodrow Wilson created the Committee on Public Information which was formed to favrouably influence opinion among American citizens toward the war effort in Europe. Ivy Lee’s early influence is detailed, as he was the first one to open a public relations agency. As well, the importance of Edward Bernays, nephew of Sigmund Freud who worked for the Latin American section of the Committee on Public Information is described. Bernays and Lee moved public relations from the publicity model employed by P. T. Barnum to a model of two-way communication where both the organization and its publics felt that they were gaining something from their relationship. ©Journal of Professional Communication, all rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.027 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".