Minimizing dilution in open stope mining with a focus on stope design and narrow vein longhole blasting
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis presents the results of three years of research which focused on minimizing dilution in open stope mining. The research encompassed both stope design and narrow vein longhole blasting. A new empirical design approach has been developed for estimating unplanned dilution from open stope hangingwalls and footwalls. The resulting design charts are based on quantifiable measurements of overbreak/slough made with the Cavity Monitoring System (CMS), and were developed from a comprehensive database o f stoping histories compiled from six (6) Canadian underground open stoping operations. A new parameter termed ELOS (equivalent linear overbreak/slough) has been introduced and incorporated into the design charts as a measure of unplanned dilution. Theoretical justification for the design methodology has been demonstrated through a numerical modelling study examining the zone of relaxation around open stopes. Statistical methods, neural networks, and additional case histories have been used to validate the proposed design zones. This new approach to stope design is an improvement over existing methods in that it allows stope sizes to be determined based on an "acceptable" level of dilution rather than qualitative descriptions of stability such as: "stable"; "transition zone"; or "potentially unstable". In narrow vein open stope mining, even i f stopes are sized to be inherently stable (i.e. good stope design), blast induced overbreak can result in high levels of unplanned dilution. This study assessed the performance of three narrow vein blast patterns: the 3:2 pattern; the 2:1 (dice-five) pattern; and the 1:1 (stagger) pattern. The study was carried out at the Lupin Mine (NWT). The patterns were evaluated on the basis of: cost; blast damage potential; charge interaction; fragmentation; and tolerance to lapses in quality of drilling and loading practice. Guidelines have been developed regarding the choice and implementation o f narrow vein patterns.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it