Studies on soil application of Stagonospora cirsii, a candidate for biological control of Cirsium arvense
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stagonospora cirsii, a causal agent of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) leaf spot, is under development as a biological control agent for this perennial noxious weed. S. cirsii had impact as a foliar spray and it proved highly pathogenic if applied at soil surface. Since Canada thistle is a perennial weed with a very vigorous root system, the ability of fungus to survive in soil and infect roots would greatly improve its potential as a mycoherbicide. Research was conducted to study the S. cirsii population dynamics in sterile soil, on the possibility of infecting Canada thistle creeping roots ed with the fungus, and its ablity to survive after being incorporated into/on the soil after over-wintering. The population dynamic was studied by dilution technique. In our experiments we used 10 g and 400 g of sterile field sod-podsol soil. At two initial inoculation concentrations about 10 3 and 10 6 conidia g -1 of soil the CFU amount in 1 g soil gradually were stabilized at a level about 10 5 g -1 of soil. The population density on this level was stable for 6 months. Inoculation of the creeping roots at different stages of their development (creeping roots with buds/rosettes/young roots) in laboratory conditions showed that fungus can infect leaves only in rosettes. It seems, under natural conditions, infection of Canada thistle root system with S. cirsii is not possible. However, S. cirsii maintains viability under various conditions of over-wintering (above/under/on ground).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".