<i>Giardia lamblia</i> attenuation of proinflammatory signaling in intestinal epithelial cells is partially dependent on parasitic modulations to the NF‐κB pathway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Giardia lamblia is a non‐invasive, protozoan parasite that causes diarrheal disease in humans. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) do not release proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)‐8, following exposure to G. lamblia trophozoites. The nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) pathway regulates the expression of proinflammatory factors, such as IL‐8, and its inhibition reduces the expression of these mediators. Aims To determine if human adenocarcinoma (Caco‐2) monolayers, incubated with G. lamblia trophozoites, reduce secreted levels of IL‐8, following stimulation with proinflammatory IL‐1β, and if this reduction occurs through modulations to the NF‐κB pathway. Results Caco‐2 monolayers secreted significantly lower levels of IL‐8 when incubated with G. lamblia for 24 hours prior to stimulation with IL‐1β; this result did not require physical contact between trophozoites and monolayers. G. lamblia reduced total levels of the NF‐κB p65 subunit in a strain dependent manner. All strains induced cleavage of p65 into a fragment approximately 37 kDa in size that translocated to the nucleus following IL‐1β stimulation. NF‐κB p65 cleavage requires physical contact between trophozoites and monolayers. Conclusion Attenuation of proinflammatory signaling in IECs incubated with G. lamblia is at least partially dependent on parasitic modulations to the NF‐κB pathway. Funding was provided by NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".