Standoff infrared spectroscopy on energetic materials using hydrogel microcantilevers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A standoff trace-chemical sensing system for the detection of highly energetic materials is developed by using infrared (IR) sensitive hydrogel microcantilever. Low cost, hydrogel microcantilevers having rectangular cross-section are simply fabricated by ultraviolet curing of polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA) introduced into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold. For the first time, we are demonstrating that PEGDA microcantilevers exhibit significant shifts of resonance frequency upon heating and IR. The IR absorption by target chemical weapons at specific IR wavelengths decreases the resonance frequency shift of the PEGDA microcantilever which provides a foundation for photothermal cantilever resonance spectroscopy (PCRS). Using this, we detect four different chemical weapons located four meters away from the PEGDA microcantilevers with a limit of detection of 40 ng/cm2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".