The characterization of the morphology and intrinsic oscillatory contractions in pudendal arteries of aging normotensive rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aging increases the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular diseases. We examined the effects of age on erectile function and vascular structure and function, particularly with respect to intrinsic oscillatory properties (vasomotion) of the primary penile resistance artery (pudendal). Methods: Erectile responses were assessed in 15 and 50 week Sprague‐Dawley rats. After sacrifice, myograph‐mounted pudendal arteries were pre‐contracted and responses to acetylcholine and L‐NAME assessed. Oscillations were analysed via FFT and the signals separated by power density spectra; very low (VLF) 0.002‐0.05 Hz, low (LF) 0.05‐0.2 Hz, high (HF) >0.2 Hz. Results: Aged rats had severe ED that corresponded with a disproportionately thickened wall of the pudendal (~2‐fold). In both young and old rats, pudendal vasomotion was dominated by VLF oscillations, whereas aortic waves were mainly LF and HF. Aging increased VLF activity in the pudendal (4‐fold), but not aorta. L‐NAME abolished aortic VLF activity, but did not alter pudendal oscillations. Conclusion: The preponderance of VLF oscillations in the pudendal arteries suggests there is a novel regulation for controlling penile inflow that is independent of nitric oxide. The aging associated morphological and vasomotion changes in the pudendal suggests a causative role for pathogenic vascular remodelling of pre‐penile vessels in aging‐induced ED.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".