Electrochemical and Transport Properties of Ions in Mixtures of Electroactive Ionic Liquid and Propylene Carbonate with a Lithium Salt for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Here, we report on the electrochemistry and transport of ions in mixtures of carbonates and an electroactive ionic liquid, in which lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Li[NTf 2 ]) is dissolved. The electroactive ionic liquid was obtained by linking a ferrocene moiety to the [NTf 2 ] −, resulting in a redox anion (ferrocenylsulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [FcNTf] − ) that can be used as a redox shuttle additive in Li-ion battery electrolytes. Electrochemical and transport properties of the [FcNTf] − electroactive anion and of Li + are investigated by ionic conductivity, cyclic voltammetry, and self-diffusion PFGSE NMR measurements. The study of the transport properties demonstrates the formation of solvated species and ion aggregation which affects the electrochemical behavior of the [FcNTf] − anion. This study highlights that the fractional lithium ion and total ionic conductivity were significantly decreased with a high concentration of ionic liquid and lithium salt. Finally, the electroactive ionic liquid was applied in lithium-ion cells as a proof of concept of their use as redox shuttles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".