Glial contribution to the modulation of preBötzinger Complex rhythm generating networks by ATP
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Activation of P2Y 1 receptors in the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) potently increases frequency (f) (J Neurosci, 27, 993‐05, '07). This could reflect the ubiquitous but weak sensitivity of preBötC neurons to ATP (J Physiol, 586, 129‐46, '08). The present study used rhythmic medullary brainstem slices from neonatal rats to test if glial cells contribute to the ATP‐evoked f increase. Control ATP responses were compared to those after glial function was disrupted by bath‐applied glial toxins (>60 min, fluoroacetate, FA, or methionine sulfoximine, MSO), and rhythm restored with glutamine (1.5 mM). In control, f doubled in response to ATP (0.1 mM, 10 s). However in toxin, ATP was either without effect (MSO, n=7), or 1.5‐fold less potent (FA, n=10). Substance‐P responses were unaffected by the toxins. We next tested whether the glial contribution could involve their direct sensitivity to ATP. Two‐photon imaging of fluo‐4 Ca 2+ fluorescence revealed small cells in the preBötC with somatic areas = 100 μm 2 (n=126, 5 slices) are sensitive to bath‐applied ATP (0.1 mM). Whole‐cell recordings confirmed the presence of small, non‐excitable, low input resistance (23±2 MO) cells in this region are ATP‐sensitive (n=4). These data indicate that glial cells contribute to the f increase evoked by ATP in the preBötC, and that glial P2 receptors are likely involved. Supported by NSERC, CIHR‐MFN, CIHR, AHFMR, CFI, ASRA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".