Design of low power CMOS RF building blocks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper overviews the implementation of CMOS radio-frequency (RF) building blocks intended for low power applications in the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. The design approach exploits the biasing of MOS devices in their moderate inversion region to optimize the trade-off between the performance and the power consumption. Two circuit structures are discussed. First, the cascade of a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a mixer is presented that achieves a voltage gain of 31.4 dB, and a noise figure of 6.8 dB while consuming 360 μW. The second configuration is an LNA that is stacked with a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). It yields a gain of 18.3 dB, a NF of 3.2 dB and a phase noise of -119 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from a power supply of 0.6 V while consuming 240 μW.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".