Use of Grain Distillers Dried Yeast in Practical Diets for Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp, <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Grain distillers dried yeast ( GDDY ) is a yeast‐based protein source that is obtained from the bioethanol industry. A range of yeast‐based products has been evaluated as nutritional supplements in fish diets, yet there is limited information in shrimp. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production response of Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing increasing levels of GDDY in two growth trials. In trial 1, five diets formulated to contain 360 g/kg crude protein, 80 g/kg lipids, and up to 300 g GDDY /kg were evaluated under laboratory conditions with juvenile shrimp (1.90 ± 0.10 g, initial weight). In trial 2, juvenile shrimp (0.40 ± 0.01 g, initial weight) were fed similar diets where lysine was supplemented in diets with high levels of GDDY (200 and 300 g/kg of diet). The results from this study demonstrate that inclusion of GDDY up to 300 g/kg of diet did not cause negative effects on final biomass, mean final weight, feed conversion ratio, and survival. Furthermore, the addition of lysine to diets with high levels of GDDY (200 and 300 g/kg of diet) did not enhance growth performance under the reported conditions, confirming lysine was not limiting. Consequently, these results indicate that up to 300 g GDDY /kg of diet can be used in practical diets for L. vannamei in a clear water system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".