Bibliographic record
Abstract
Physical oceanography has been practiced in Atlantic Canada since the beginnings of the science in the second half of the 19th century. Pursued largely as an applied science, its efforts have been directed toward providing information to mariners and other marine users. Early efforts focused on tidal observations to promote safe navigation. This was expanded in the early 20th century to regional studies in support of fisheries. In the second half of the 20th century, physical oceanography in Atlantic Canada grew to support the offshore development of oil and gas, provide more comprehensive environmental assessments of marine projects and processes, improve Search and Rescue responses and to better understand and predict climate change and variability.Oceanographers now have the capabilities to observe the ocean in near real-time using satellites as well as autonomous in situ instruments. The continued growth in computer power and other information technologies has permitted the development of operational ocean models that can provide real-time information and projections on oceanic conditions to a broad section of the marine community.L’océanographie physique est pratiquée au Canada atlantique depuis les débuts de cette science au cours de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle. Les travaux dans ce domaine, menés dans une grande mesure sous forme appliquée, sont axés principalement sur la fourniture de renseignements aux gens de mer et aux autres utilisateurs du milieu marin. Les premiers travaux ont porté sur les observations des marées afin d’assurer la sécurité en mer. Au début du XXe siècle, des études régionales ont été lancées pour appuyer les activités de pêche. Au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, l’océanographie physique au Canada atlantique a continué de croître pour maintenant appuyer les projets de mise en valeur du pétrole et du gaz en milieu extracôtier, fournir des évaluations environnementales plus détaillées des projets en milieu marin et des processus liés à ce milieu, améliorer l’intervention dans le cadre d’opérations de recherche et de sauvetage, approfondir les connaissances sur le changement climatique et la variabilité et améliorer les prévisions relatives à ceux-ci. Les océanographes ont maintenant la capacité d’observer l’océan presque en temps réel grâce à des satellites et à des instruments autonomes in situ. L’améliorationcontinue de la puissance des ordinateurs et d’autres technologies de l’information a rendu possible l’élaboration de modèles océaniques opérationnels qui peuvent fournir des données et prévisions en temps réel sur les conditions océaniques à une part importante de la communauté maritime.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".