Simulation of high energy vertebral fractures on complete porcine specimens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents a novel method creating high energy vertebral fractures on complete swine specimens to investigate realistic vertebral fracture mechanisms. An apparatus was developed to maintain a porcine specimen in an upright position and apply a caudal impact simulating a fall. Five mature minipigs were impacted with varying impact magnitude. Computed tomography scans were used to assess the resulting fracture type, fracture level, spinal canal encroachment and fractures of adjacent bony structures. Lumbar fractures were produced on four specimens: three inferior endplate burst fractures (L2) and one superior endplate burst fracture (L5). One trial resulted in a hyperextension fracture between L2 and L3 vertebrae. Spinal canal encroachment was important for three specimens. No fracture was created on the pelvis or hind limbs. The proposed method developed and the resulting swine model of high energy vertebral fractures could be used to instigate novel biomechanical studies, to validate finite element models or to investigate surgical strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".