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Record W2294614002 · doi:10.1093/police/pav048

Police Leadership: An Australasian Commentary

2016· article· en· W2294614002 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenuePolicing A Journal of Policy and Practice · 2016
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicPolicing Practices and Perceptions
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCommonwealthCommissionLaw enforcementNorthern territoryPopulationRoyal CommissionPolitical scienceGeographyPublic administrationCriminologyLawSociologyDemography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Geo-politically Australasia includes the countries of Australia and New Zealand. These countries share a similar colonial history, dominant culture, and political systems. They also have much in common with regards policing. 1 Australasia has a combined land mass of almost eight million square kilometres and a population of 28.6 million ( Statistics New Zealand, 2015 ; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2015 ). This is a land mass 32 times the size of the UK, and comparable with the USA and Canada, although it encompasses a population only three and a half times the size of London or New York City. Australasia is served by nine police jurisdictions: The Australian Federal Police (AFP), The Northern Territory Police Force, The Queensland Police Service, New South Wales Police Force, Victoria Police, Tasmania Police, South Australia Police, Western Australia Police, and New Zealand Police. 2 These police organizations employ approximately 88,000 members, 65,000 of whom are sworn, with an average of 20% in formal leadership (i.e. sergeant and above) roles, with less than 5% at the rank of inspector or above. Just over 100 officers are at the senior executive level. In addition to these police organizations, there are a number of other state-based and Commonwealth law enforcement, regulatory, and investigative agencies (including the Australian Crime Commission, Australian Border Force, the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, the Organized and Financial Crime Agency New Zealand, and New Zealand Customs). As well as a broader public safety base that includes fire and emergency services, each of whom have investigative capacities and contribute to public safety. There is, then, a considerable tapestry of state-run organizations involved in aspects of policing in Australasia.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.851
Threshold uncertainty score0.986

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.003
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.178
GPT teacher head0.457
Teacher spread0.279 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it