Ticketing Health and Safety Offenders: a Socio-Legal Examination of Ticketing in High-Risk Firm Initiatives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While employers have traditionally been the target of health and safety regulation, workers are increasingly being made responsible for enforcement (by individually refusing unsafe work) as well as becoming a target of regulation (through fines and tickets). This paper examines a ticketing enforcement strategy in Ontario, Canada, in which tickets, analogous to parking tickets, are being issued to workers, supervisors and employers for health and safety violations. A key finding is that the ticketing strategy is not an isolated enforcement strategy but is related to and intertwined with various legal issues. The right to refuse unsafe work is one significant area affected by the ticketing strategy, because a worker who knowingly performs unsafe work not only faces possible injury but also a ticket. In other words, workers who do not use their legal right to refuse (for whatever reason) will be seen as allowing the continuation of hazards and therefore deserving of health and safety tickets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".