Among the children: Sunday school teachers and evangelical womanhood in nineteenth-century Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Throughout the nineteenth century, the majority of children in Ontario received at least part of their education from the Sunday school. Much of this institution's success can be attributed to the dedication and commitment of its unpaid workforce. Sunday school teachers were expected to be virtuous, nurturing, moral and dutiful, and it is not surprising that this community of volunteers was made up almost entirely of women. Women's active participation in the Sunday school combined with its popularity made this religious and educational institution an important avenue in the (re)production of gender ideologies in nineteenth-century Ontario. This thesis examines how women Sunday school teachers were involved in establishing their own gender identity by consciously accepting and rejecting ideals of womanhood. It argues that the roles, responsibilities, experiences and opportunities that women had in the Sunday school community allowed them to define their own model of evangelical womanhood. Women reinforced this new ideal to their pupils, but their influence extended beyond their classrooms. They authored and distributed literature found in libraries, participated in conventions with diverse crowds and established important networks of Christian women who campaigned for women's rights within and outside of the church.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.031 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".