Research and Development of Operation Technology on the Waste Processing System of the Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities for Circulation of Carbon in an Experimental Closed Ecosystem Comprised of Humans, Goats and Crops
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Before a series of overall material circulation in an experimental system including crops, animals and humans, technical examinations for the development of a waste processing system were conducted for incorporating the system to the Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF). The examinations are intended to validate the function of the carbonization and incineration processing units which were installed in the CEEF in 2006. Using different mock-up samples, examinations have been carried out to verify the function and capability of the whole system, including the waste carbonization processing unit, incineration processing unit, exhaust gas tank and the exhaust gas processing unit. In an examination using filter paper pulp as a mock-up sample, processing time in each unit was checked. The processing times needed for carbonization and incineration processing were 5.7 and 2.6 hours, respectively. In an examination, using chaff as substitute for inedible plant parts, the carbonization of 400 g of the chaff generated 170-175 g of carbonized substances, and it generated 54-76 g of ash residue in the subsequent incineration process. In the exhaust gas processing unit, satisfactory capability of CO2 separation could not be realized because of the influence of moisture in the exhaust gas. However, several measures to solve these problems were adopted in an experiment in 2007. In the habitation experiments in 2007, wastes discharged from the CEEF were actually processed. The remaining inedible plant parts after using as feed for animals were carbonized in the carbonization processing unit. The urine of the econauts was added to drainage from washing the animal pen; this drainage also contained the excrement and urine of the goats. This combined waste water was dried and carbonized in the carbonization processing unit. The carbonized inedible plant parts, the carbonized human and goat urine and goat excrement, and the carbonized human excrement that was generated by the dry-toilet system, were burned in the incineration processing unit. Gaseous CO2 separated from the exhaust gas of the carbonization and incineration processing units in the exhaust gas processing system was sent to CO2 tanks, and was used for plant cultivation. Moreover, minerals extracted from ash residue produced by incineration were added to nutrient solution for plant cultivation. Equipments for toxic gas elimination of the waste processing system worked efficiently during the closed habitation experiments in 2007. As a result, the maximum concentrations of CO, NO2 and SO2 in the PM were 8.0, N.D. (less than 0.02) and N.D. (less than 0.05) umol mol-1, respectively. And the maximum concentrations of CO, NO2, and SO2 in the AHM were 8.0, 0.06 and N.D. (less than 0.05) umol mol-1, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".