Localization of multiple neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in fish gills
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carotid body chromafin cells in mammals contain a plethora of different neurochemicals and several hypotheses exist to explain their roles in O 2 ‐chemosensing. In the present study we assessed the distribution of several of these neurochemicals in the gills of trout and goldfish using immunohistochemistry. In both species, catecholamines and acetylcholine were co‐localized to cells that were distinct from those expressing serotonin. Although, some the catecholamine/acetylcholine cells contain receptors for serotonin. Neuroepithelial cells containing serotonin have been postulated to be the putative O 2 sensing cells, but our results, combined with the known effects of acetylcholine and serotonin on gill afferent discharge, lead us to suggest that serotonin participates in O 2 chemoreception by modulating the release of acetylcholine as the primary neurotransmitter. (Funded by NSERC of Canada)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".