The Effects of School Work Pressure on Depression and Substance Use: A Cross-National Study of School-Aged Children in Canada and Finland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies suggest that adolescents report a variety of academic stressors, which can have detrimental effects on mental health. Using the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey (2005/6 data), this study provides an analysis of the effects of school work pressures on depressive symptomology and substance use in adolescents in Canada and Finland. Using Pearlin’s stress process framework, the study also examines how socio-demographic indicators affect these stress outcomes. Results indicate that regardless of context, school work pressure negatively affects the mental health of students net of all socio-demographic indicators. However, this relationship is stronger in Finland than in Canada. Secondary results show that depressive symptomology is associated with smoking and alcohol consumption in both countries. School work pressure, however, only has an additional effect on the likelihood to drink alcohol among students in Finland. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that the mechanisms through which the stress process model operates differs by national context.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".