Abstract 2351: Poor Quality of Life and Low Social Support are Predictive of Depressive Symptoms in Chronic Stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Depression is a common yet often unrecognized consequence of stroke, affecting between 20-50% of all survivors. Reported underlying factors affecting depression in acute and chronic stroke include: functional disability, lesion location, time since stroke, female gender, age, cognitive impairment, history of major depression, low social support, poor quality of life, and inferior sleep quality. Purpose: To examine potential independent predictors of depressive symptoms in chronic stroke. Methods: Cross-sectional design using baseline data from the first 100 community-dwelling stroke survivors enrolled in an exercise intervention study. Eligible subjects included men and women aged ≥ 50 years and at ≥ 3 months post-stroke. Prior to their baseline study visit; subjects completed a comprehensive, self-administered health survey including medical history and valid/reliable questionnaires: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Medical Outcomes Study SF-36, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. At the baseline visit, functional disability (Modified Rankin Scale), and cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental Status Exam) were assessed using standardized procedures. Multiple linear regression was conducted to explore potential independent predictors of depressive symptoms. Results: Subjects (n=100) were on average 70±10 years old, and 39±49 months post-stroke. The majority reported an ischemic stroke (68%), were married (59%), White/European-American (78%), men (54%), college-educated (79%), and annual income ≥$50,000 (32%). Hemiparesis was common (right-side=39%, left-side=42%). A total of 35% of subjects had a CES-D scores ≥16, with 21% reporting a history of major depression. Approximately 64% of the variance in depressive symptoms, could be explained by the optimal combination of the independent variables in the model: functional disability, lesion location, time since stroke, gender, age, cognitive impairment, history of major depression, social support, quality of life, and sleep quality (R 2 =0.64, F 12,87 =12.97, p<0.01). Only poor quality of life (t 1,87 =-6.99, p<0.01) and low social support (t 1,87 =-2.14, p=0.04) contributed uniquely and significantly to the severity of depressive symptoms among these stroke survivors. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms are prevalent in chronic stroke survivors, even among an educated and economically advantaged population. Our findings are similar to reports by others that poor quality of life and low social support are major contributors to depressive symptoms in chronic stroke; and should be routinely assessed and monitored to improve long-term rehabilitation efforts, promote wellness and community reintegration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".