Dietary Vitamin D Supplementation during Early Growth is not Protective for Medial Coronoid Disease Development in Labradors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Medial coronoid disease (MCD) is a common heritable disease in young large-breed dogs and is characterized by fissures and/or fragmentation of the medial coronoid process (MCP), cartilage, and/or subchondral bone. MCD development has also been attributed to disturbed endochondral ossification. Vitamin D influences skeletal development and endochondral ossification by stimulating the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes and the mineralization of cartilage and the newly formed osteoid. The aim of this study was to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation of the standard puppy diet given to puppies after weaning can prevent the development of medial coronoid disease (MCD) by stimulating endochondral ossification, including terminal differentiation of chondrocytes, and mineralization of the cartilaginous template of the developing medial cornoid process (MCP). Animals, material and methods: A litter of Labrador puppies was on purpose bred by mating a dam and a sire with MCD; these dogs are known to produce offspring with MCD. The puppies received a diet supplemented with 50,000 IU vitamin D per kg as fed. Development of MCD was monitored by computed tomography (CT) and plain radiographs every two weeks, and post-mortem by microCT, necropsy, histology, and immunohistochemistry and compared with data from a previous study. Results and discussion: Vitamin D supplementation did result in increased plasma levels of 25- vitamin D and 1.25-vitamin D, but did not prevent development of MCD in growing Labradors. Instead, vitamin D supplementation resulted in increased collagen X staining ofthe MCP and irregular costal growth plates, demonstrating disturbed endochondral ossification. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation does not prevent MCD development. Other causes for MCD rather than relative vitamin D deficiency causing disturbed endochondral ossification are more likely.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".