Electrolytes without Ethylene Carbonate for High Voltage NMC/Graphite Li-Ion Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ethylene carbonate is used in virtually every lithium-ion cell. In efforts to produce high voltage NMC/graphite cells, electrolytes without ethylene carbonate are being explored. The use of electrolytes based on fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), difluoroethylene carbonate (di-FEC), bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (TFEC) and other solvents are explored in this presentation. Studies using ultra high precision coulometry, impedance spectroscopy, isothermal battery microcalorimetry, in-situ gas evolution, storage testing, XPS and long-term charge-discharge testing show the benefits and drawbacks of such electrolytes. Although progress is being made, there remains substantial work to do to produce high energy denisty NMC/graphite cells which can operate for years to 4.5 V. This work was done by Jian Xia, Remi Petibon, Steven Glazier, Kathlyne Nelson, Dan Abarbanel, Deijun Xiong, Leah Ellis and Alex Louli. The authors thank Xiaodong Cao of HSC Corporation for kindly providing many of the solvents used in the work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".