Study on the Characteristics of a Strain of Penicillium sp.With the Capacity of Heterotrophic Ammonium Oxidation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to reveal the characteristics of a strain (M25-22) of Penicillium sp.with the capacity of heterotrophic ammonium oxidation isolated from chicken feces compost,and to provide scientific references for its application in aerobic composting.Method Media with ammonium salt as the sole nitrogen source was used to determine the heterotrophic ammonium oxidation activity of the strain.Some environmental factors,such as compositions of carbon and nitrogen sources,concentrations of sucrose and ammonium nitrogen,initial pH and culture temperature,were adjusted to gain better insight into the effects of them on ammonium oxidation by the strain.Result In media containing (NH4)2SO4 at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 mL,mycelium weight and utilization ratio of ammonium nitrogen increased markedly during the first 5 days;nitrate concentration increased markedly from the 3rd to 5th day,and remained constant thereafter;nitrite concentration remained at a low level.The strain showed an ability to oxidize ammonium nitrogen growing in media containing glucose,sucrose,starch or cellulose as the sole carbon source,and to oxidize the negative trivalent nitrogen of ammonium sulfate,peptone,acetamide,urea or L-aspartate.Slowly available carbon or nitrogen sources,such as starch,cellulose and peptone,were beneficial to ammonium oxidation by the strain.In media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source and ammonium sulfate as the sole nitrogen source,nitrate formation was the most pronounced with sucrose present at a concentration of 12 g·L-1 and ammonium nitrogen present at a concentration of 2.438 mg·mL-1,at the initial pH level of 7.5 and at 30℃.Conclusion There is an inorganic nitrogen nitrification pathway of bacteria in the strain.Ammonium oxidation by the strain is involved in secondary metabolism.The strain is capable of oxidizing a variety of reduced nitrogen with different carbon sources,and has an enormous capacity for ammonium oxidation at high concentrations of organic substance and ammonium nitrogen.It is indicated that the strain has an expansive application prospect in aerobic composting of solid waste.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".