Effect of Ethanolamine, Ammonia, Acetic Acid, and Formic Acid on Two-Phase Flow Accelerated Corrosion in Steam–Water Cycles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effects of ethanolamine, ammonia, and acetic and formic acid on two-phase flow-accelerated corrosion were investigated in an experimental loop simulating the conditions found in a water-steam cycle. Results indicate that the effects of acetic acid and ethanolamine on the corrosion rate neutralize each other. The effect of acetic acid on the corrosion rate was most pronounced at the highest tested steam quality. A model simulation for liquid film pH at 90% steam quality suggests that at very high steam qualities the protection ethanolamine provides increases, while the protection provided by ammonia goes down. A linear relation between calculated liquid film pH and the measured corrosion rate was found for 24% steam quality within a pH range from 5.6 to 6.3. Formic acid was thermally unstable at the tested temperatures and had no effect on the corrosion rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".