Fish feeding niche characterization over space and time in a natural boreal river
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Few studies have examined the temporal variability of fish feeding niche in response to variable flows and temperature or the temporal consistency of spatial differences in fish feeding niche within natural rivers. Using a 10‐year dataset from the boreal Batchawana River in Northern Ontario, we found that fish feeding niche was temporally invariant in the lower sampled river reaches but increased over time in the upper reaches of the river. A significant relationship between the standard deviations of mean δ15N and mean daily summer flow was found. No other significant relationships between measures of flow or temperature variability and variability in δ13C or δ15N were observed. Fish feeding niche was significantly larger in the lower than in the upper Batchawana River, but there were no significant differences in mean fish community δ13C or δ15N between reaches. Fish assemblage δ13C, δ15N and standard ellipse area were consistent among years within river reaches despite flow and temperature variability over the same years. Results highlight that in natural undisturbed rivers, fish feeding niche appears to be temporally invariant in the face of naturally imposed environmental variability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".