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Record W2301559491 · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00059

Useful Material Efficiency Green Metrics Problem Set Exercises for Lecture and Laboratory

2015· article· en· W2301559491 on OpenAlex
John Andraos, Andrei Hent

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Chemical Education · 2015
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicChemistry and Chemical Engineering
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPlan (archaeology)Computer scienceMathematical proofSet (abstract data type)Tree (set theory)Simple (philosophy)ComputationTheoretical computer scienceAlgorithmMathematicsProgramming language

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A series of pedagogical problem set exercises are posed that illustrate the principles behind material efficiency green metrics and their application in developing a deeper understanding of reaction and synthesis plan analysis and strategies to optimize them. Rigorous, yet simple, mathematical proofs are given for some of the fundamental concepts, particularly how metrics for overall plan material performance are related to their composite counterparts for individual reactions. Throughout this exposition, whenever a synthesis scheme is examined, it is converted into a compact tree diagram that is used to depict plans of any degree of complexity (linear or convergent) as a means to conveniently keep track of all reagents, intermediates, reaction yields, stoichiometric coefficients, number of branches, number of reaction steps, and convergent steps. We demonstrate that such tree diagrams facilitate the computation of material efficiency metrics for any individual reaction in a plan as well as for the entire plan. We also show how such diagrams may be used to plan schedules for reaction operations when multiple linear branches are run concurrently. For brevity the Supporting Information contains full solutions to posed problems.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.257

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.236
Teacher spread0.226 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it