Galápagos Islands To British Columbia: Seabird Communities Along A 9000 Km Transect From The Tropical To The Subarctic Eastern Pacific Ocean
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies of seabird biogeography show that species distributions are related to wind conditions, the extent of water masses and ocean productivity patterns over scales of 1000s km.We document changes in the composition of marine bird communities in relation to remotelysensed water mass properties and wind conditions along a 9,000 km transect across the northeastern Pacific Ocean during a 47 day (20 April -5 June 1999) cruise from the Galpagos Islands, Ecuador (0 43.4' S; 90 32.7' W) to British Columbia, Canada (48 49.5' N; 125 8.22' W).We characterized three different marine bird communities along the transect: tropical (booby -tropicbird -frigatebird), subarctic (alcid -fulmar) and a widely-distributed cosmopolitan assemblage dominated by tubenoses (Procellariiformes) (albatrosses, shearwaters, and storm-petrels).These communities inhabit different oceanic regions characterized by distinct water mass properties (e.g., sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration).The shift from the tropical to the subarctic community occurred rather abruptly at approximately 20 N. In addition to the latitudinal gradient in community composition, we noted a change in the relative importance of different feeding guilds at higher latitudes, namely an increase in the relative abundance of diving seabirds and a concurrent decrease in plunge-divers.These results support previous evidence of spatial segregation of marine bird species and feeding guilds across the North Pacific Ocean.Our study also provided an opportunity to survey pelagic seabird distributions within a poorly studied region during an anomalous year.In 1999, wind patterns along the entire cruise deviated from the long-term average, with a virtual collapse of the trade winds typically found below 15N.Moreover, cold-water conditions, associated with a strong La Nia event were apparent throughout the survey track.This paper highlights the continued importance of ocean exploration and standardized time series for the study of seabird biogeography.We encourage other investigators to retrace this survey track in the future.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it